During which type of turn are errors in pitch and bank indications the greatest?

When considering the different types of turns and their impact on pitch and bank indications, the 180-degree turn is significant due to the nature of the aircraft's attitude changes during such a maneuver. In a 180-degree turn, the aircraft undergoes a complete reversal of its flight path, which can create a more pronounced effect on the gyroscopic instruments and, consequently, lead to greater errors in pitch and bank readings.

During a 180-degree turn, the aircraft experiences a substantial change in directional orientation and requires the pilot to manage both pitch and roll more dynamically. This extensive rotation can lead to greater difficulties in maintaining the correct aircraft attitude, particularly in maintaining a stable climb or descent, which can result in misleading instrument readings due to the inertia and gyroscopic precession effects.

Moreover, since this type of turn involves significant lateral acceleration, the bank also has to be closely monitored to prevent excessive tilt, which can again compromise instrument accuracy. As a result, the errors in pitch and bank indications are heightened when the aircraft executes a 180-degree turn compared to the shorter turns, such as 90 degrees, where the pilot can more easily maintain control and minimize instrument discrepancies.