When navigating using VOR, what signifies station passage?

Station passage while navigating using VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) signals is indicated by the positive, complete reversal of the TO/FROM indicator. This reversal occurs when the aircraft crosses the VOR station, changing its position relative to the broadcast signal.

When the aircraft is approaching the VOR station, the TO indicator shows "TO" as the aircraft is headed towards the station. As the aircraft crosses directly over the VOR, the TO/FROM indicator will then switch to "FROM," indicating that the aircraft is now traveling away from the VOR station.

This clear shift from "TO" to "FROM" serves as an unambiguous signal that the aircraft has passed over the VOR. It is important for pilots to recognize this change as it assists with either confirming navigation accuracy or making necessary directional adjustments.

While the other choices present aspects that could relate to the navigation process, they do not accurately define station passage. For instance, the zone of confusion is generally an area around the station where reading can be unreliable, and the initial turn towards the VOR relates to the approach rather than the passage itself. A blank TO/FROM indicator could indicate signal loss but doesn't confirm that station passage has occurred. Therefore, the correct